National Library of Scotland

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An automatic data quality approach to assess semantic data from cultural heritage institutions
(2023-04-21)
Candela, Gustavo
In recent years, cultural heritage institutions have been exploring the benefits of applying Linked Open Data to their catalogs and digital materials. Innovative and creative methods have emerged to publish and reuse digital contents to promote computational access, such as the concepts of and . Data quality has become a requirement for researchers and training methods based on artificial intelligence and machine learning. This article explores how the quality of Linked Open Data made available by cultural heritage institutions can be automatically assessed. The results obtained can be useful for other institutions who wish to publish and assess their collections.
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Roy Military Survey map of Scotland (1747-1755): mosaicing, geo-referencing, and web delivery
(2007)
Fleet, Chris
;
Kowal, Kimberly C.
This paper describes and explains a project to make available a seamed, georeferenced version of the Roy Military Survey map of Scotland (1747-1755). The Roy map is arguably the most important map of Scotland in the 18th century, and the background to and history of the map is important to understand its value today and the priorities in making it available online. This collaborative project by the British Library and the National Library of Scotland involved seaming together 1,100 images of individual dissections of the map, and then geo-referencing these mosaics. It is suggested that for this map, geo-referencing should be subordinate to presenting the original cartographic artefact close to its original form, and considering the historical and cultural context for the item. ESRI's ArcIMS software was used as part of a customised interface to deliver the map online. The various choices made, the problems encountered, and solutions adopted are explained, along with an assessment of future planned developments.
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An open-source web-mapping toolkit for libraries
(2019)
Fleet, Chris
This paper describes and explains a set of open-source viewers and tools which can be used to deliver maps in an online environment. It is based on the current web-mapping technologies used by the National Library of Scotland over the last six years. The tools can be classified into those supporting search and retrieval, and those creating interfaces for historic georeferenced map layers. All of these viewers and tools have been made available on GitHub with commented code to encourage their onward use and future collaborative development by other libraries.
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Open source technologies for delivering historical maps online - case studies at the National Library of Scotland
(2012-11-29)
Fleet, Christopher
;
Pridal, Petr
Over the last four years, the National Library of Scotland has saved money and improved user access to online historical maps through the implementation of new open source technologies. These new tools include a new Viewer for MrSID images using OpenLayers, a collaborative Georeferencer application, new Tile Map Services for delivering georeferenced historical maps online, and a new GeoServer and OpenLayers application for accessing 44,000 series maps as clickable indexes. All of these applications were developed by Petr Pridal / Klokan Technologies, in collaboration with the National Library of Scotland, and all of them are easily extendible to other map libraries. These open source tools also provide an excellent basis for collaboration with other map libraries, sharing technology, experience and advice.
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The legal deposit of digital spatial data in the United Kingdom
(2003-03-01)
Fleet, Christopher
This paper critically reviews progress and problems in the uptake of digital cartographic data in UK legal deposit libraries over the last few years. The details and effect of the Voluntary Code, introduced from January 2000, are examined, along with the technical, practical and political reasons for its relatively limited effects. Second, the progress map libraries have made in setting up Ordnance Survey digital data systems are examined, along with the problems that have delayed work and the discussions about obtaining other cartographic data sources. The paper concludes by offering suggestions on possible methods of future progress
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Unchartered cells: Cataloguing with Excel in Covid and beyond
(2025-09-22)
Hunter, Carol
;
National Library of Scotland
Cataloguer training takes time, patience and a lot of learning – from different standards and procedures depending on the material to grappling with different Library Management Systems and all the jargon associated. When Covid hit, the recently digitised collection of HMSO catalogues became an ideal working from home project. Each listing had adequate information to make a catalogue record to allow these partially hidden items to be discoverable. The problem was that cataloguers at the National Library of Scotland only had their personal devices to begin with and no access to our usual software. Plus, work was also required for Library staff who were not trained cataloguers. The solution – Excel spreadsheets. A friendly and familiar format where data entered in an organised fashion could then be imported into Alma (our Library Management System) to make items available. Users would be able to create Metadata quickly with minimal training and no knowledge required about MARC or RDA standards. What started as a Covid solution has now become common place for specific routine metadata projects for staff without in-depth cataloguing training.
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Exploring the adoption of collections as data in the GLAM context
(2025-05-19)
Dişli, Meltem
;
Gabriëls, Nele
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Chambers, Sally
;
Ames, Sarah
;
Knazook, Beth
Introduction. This research investigates the adoption of collections as data in GLAM institutions, aiming to highlight best practices for computational use and machine-readable sharing of digital collections. Method. Drawing on the existing literature regarding collections as data, this research identifies key aspects that should be considered and assesses selected datasets based on these aspects. Analysis. The selected datasets were analysed based on key aspects to identify best practices and gaps. Results. The findings revealed areas needing improvement, including impact, ethical rights, citation and limitation information. Conclusion. The work has identified key aspects and provided examples of best practices. Future work includes the inclusion of additional aspects to analyse the publication of collections as data such as sustainability and discoverability.
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Collecting, and not collecting: Jacobite material at the Advocates Library and National Library of Scotland
(2023-04-08)
Betteridge, Robert
This article discusses the evidence for the Advocates Library's non-collection of pro-Jacobite material as it was published in the eighteenth century. This is described through the Faculty of Advocate's desire not to upset the political status quo, the Advocates Library's connections to Jacobites within Edinburgh's literati and book trade, and examination of the relevant material now held by the National Library of Scotland.
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‘The very term mensuration sounds engineer-like’: measurement and engineering authority in nineteenth-century river management
(2024-01-08)
Dishington, Rachel
Measurement was vital to nineteenth-century engineering. Focusing on the work of the Stevenson engineering firm in Scotland, this paper explores the processes by which engineers made their measurements credible and explains how measurement, as both a product and a practice, informed engineering decisions and supported claims to engineering authority. By examining attempts made to quantify, measure and map dynamic river spaces, the paper analyses the relationship between engineering experience and judgement and the generation of data that engineers considered to be 'tolerably correct'. While measurement created an abstract and simplified version of the river that accommodated prediction, this abstraction had to be connected to and made meaningful in real river space despite acknowledged limitations to measuring practice. In response, engineers drew on experience gained through the measuring process to support claims to authoritative knowledge. This combination of quantification and experience was then used to support interventions in debates over the proper use and management of rivers. This paper argues that measurement in nineteenth-century engineering served a dual function, producing both data and expertise, which were both significant in underpinning engineering authority and facilitating engineers' intervention in decision making for river management.
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An approach to assess the quality of Jupyter projects published by institutions
(2023-09-25)
Candela, Gustavo
;
Chambers, Sally
;
Sherratt, Tim
GLAM organizations have been digitizing their collections and making them available for the public for several decades. Recent methods for publishing digital collections such as "GLAM Labs" and "Collections as Data" provide guidelines for the application of computational methods to reuse the contents of cultural heritage institutions in innovative and creative ways. Jupyter Notebooks have become a powerful tool to foster use of these collections by digital humanities researchers. Based on previous approaches for quality assessment, which have been adapted for cultural heritage collections, this paper proposes a methodology for assessing the quality of projects based on Jupyter Notebooks published by relevant GLAM institutions. A list of projects based on Jupyter Notebooks using cultural heritage data has been evaluated. Common features and best practices have been identified. A detailed analysis, that can be useful for organizations interested in creating their own Jupyter Notebooks projects, has been provided. Open issues requiring further work and additional avenues for exploration are outlined.
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